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Resumo Objetivo Analisar a função dos apoios sociais formal e informal na prática de atividade física durante o tempo livre de trabalhadores. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 395 trabalhadores técnicos administrativos em uma universidade pública. Os dados foram coletados utilizando: questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke e Escala de Apoio Social para a prática de Atividade Física. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, teste d de Cohen e Análise de Variância. Resultados Os participantes que referiram algum tipo de apoio para atividade física no tempo livre (92,2%) apresentaram maiores médias no escore de atividade física. O apoio institucional (58,0%) teve função de destaque como potencial influenciador em comparação ao apoio de chefias imediatas (14,2%), embora elas tenham exercido um certo diferencial entre os trabalhadores da manutenção. Conclusão O apoio social tem função importante na promoção da atividade física no tempo livre de trabalhadores. As iniciativas institucionais de estímulo ao comportamento ativo no ambiente de trabalho carecem de alinhamento com o incentivo por parte dos superiores imediatos, para que sejam mais efetivas.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar la función del apoyo social formal e informal en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre de trabajadores. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado con 395 trabajadores técnicos administrativos de una universidad pública. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Cuestionario de Actividad Física Habitual de Baecke y la Escala de Apoyo Social para la Práctica de Actividad Física. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, test-T de Student, prueba d de Cohen y análisis de varianza. Resultados Los participantes que relataron algún tipo de apoyo para actividad física en el tiempo libre (92,2 %) presentaron mayores promedios en el puntaje de actividad física. El apoyo institucional (58,0 %) tuvo una función destacada como posible influenciador en comparación con el apoyo de jefes directos (14,2 %), aunque estos últimos hayan ejercido cierto diferencial entre los trabajadores de mantenimiento. Conclusión El apoyo social tiene una función importante en la promoción de la actividad física en el tiempo libre de trabajadores. Las iniciativas institucionales de estímulo a un comportamiento activo en el ambiente de trabajo necesitan estar alineadas con el incentivo por parte de los superiores inmediatos para que sean más efectivas.
Abstract Objective To analyze the role of formal and informal social support in the practice of physical activity during workers' leisure time. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with 395 technical administrative workers at a public university. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire and Physical Activity and Social Support Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, Cohen's d test and Analysis of Variance. Results Participants who reported some type of support for physical activity in their leisure time (92.2%) had higher means in the physical activity score. Institutional support (58.0%) had a prominent role as a potential influencer compared to support from immediate superiors (14.2%), although they had a certain differential among maintenance workers. Conclusion Social support plays an important role in promoting physical activity in workers' leisure time. Institutional initiatives to encourage active behavior in the work environment need to be aligned with encouragement by immediate superiors so that they are more effective.
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Introdução: o nascimento de um bebê prematuro, por vezes, necessita de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, o que resulta na mudança de toda dinâmica familiar. Isso ocorre devido ao longo período de hospitalização para o bebê e consequente permanência dos pais no ambiente hospitalar. Objetivo: conhecer os desafios da prematuridade e o papel do apoio social na percepção das mães durante o internamento do seu filho em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, cujos dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas, com sete mães, entre março e agosto de 2018. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: verificou-se que entre os desafios mais comuns enfrentados pelas mães durante o período de internação estão relacionados ao medo da perda do filho hospitalizado, o apoio da equipe de enfermagem e da família as principais estratégias para enfrentar este momento. Conclusão: o reconhecimento dos desafios enfrentados e o apoio social por familiares e pela equipe de enfermagem são fundamentais a fim de minimizar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas famílias dos recém-nascidos durante o processo de hospitalização.
Introduction: the birth of a premature baby sometimes requires hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit, which results in a change in all family dynamics. This occurs due to the long period of hospitalization for the baby and the consequent permanence of the parents in the hospital environment. Objective: to know the challenges of prematurity and the role of social support in the perception of mothers during their child's hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: study with a qualitative approach, whose data were collected through interviews with seven mothers, between March and August 2018. The data were submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: it was found that among the most common challenges faced by mothers during the period of hospitalization are related to the fear of losing the hospitalized child, the support of the nursing team and the family are the main strategies to face this moment. Conclusion: recognition of the challenges faced and social support by family members and the nursing team are essential in order to minimize the difficulties faced by families of newborns during the hospitalization process.
Introducción: el nacimiento de un bebé prematuro en ocasiones requiere hospitalización en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, lo que resulta en cambios en toda la dinámica familiar. Esto ocurre debido al largo período de hospitalización del bebé y la consecuente estancia de los padres en el ambiente hospitalario. Objetivo: comprender los desafíos de la prematuridad y el papel del apoyo social en la percepción de las madres durante la hospitalización de su hijo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, cuyos datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas a siete madres, entre marzo y agosto de 2018. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. Resultados: se encontró que entre los desafíos más comunes que enfrentan las madres durante el período de hospitalización están relacionados con el miedo a perder a su hijo hospitalizado, siendo el apoyo del equipo de enfermería y de la familia las principales estrategias para afrontar este momento. Conclusión: el reconocimiento de los desafíos enfrentados y el apoyo social por parte de los familiares y del equipo de enfermería son fundamentales para minimizar las dificultades que enfrentan las familias de los recién nacidos durante el proceso de hospitalización.
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Fundamento: el apoyo de familiares y del equipo de salud a los padres cuidadores de sus hijos diabéticos es fundamental para el afrontamiento a los cambios que provoca esta enfermedad en la dinámica familiar. Objetivo: describir la percepción de los padres cuidadores sobre el apoyo familiar y de los Sistemas de Salud en el comienzo de sus hijos con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado mediante entrevista semiestructurada a cuatro padres cuidadores de niños con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 1. El consentimiento informado fue realizado vía Google Forms y la entrevista fue vía plataforma ZOOM. Las entrevistas tuvieron una duración de 30 minutos. El análisis de las entrevistas se realizó utilizando el programa ATLAS.ti versión 22. Resultados: el comienzo de la enfermedad de los niños fue recibido por los padres con mucha confusión y falta de conocimiento. En cuanto a las redes de apoyo, los padres declararon la soledad como vivencia en el cuidado de los niños y, en relación a los equipos de salud, relataron que está enfocada en los cuidados básicos que tenían que cumplir, como la alimentación y el control glucémico, con ausencia de preocupación por el apoyo emocional. Conclusiones: las necesidades de apoyo desde los equipos de salud, a los padres cuidadores, más allá del control de la enfermedad, es una necesidad explícita desde la evidencia, que aún no ha sido considerada por los Sistemas de Salud. El apoyo debe trascender la familia, con una actuación importante de los profesionales de la salud y todo el contexto en que están insertos los niños, para contribuir a un manejo adecuado de la enfermedad.
Foundation: the support of family members and the health team for parents caring for their diabetic children is essential for facing with the changes that this disease causes in family dynamics. Objective: to describe the perception of parent caregivers about family support and Health Systems at the beginning of their children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: qualitative descriptive study carried out through semi-structured interviews with four parent caregivers of children with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Informed consent was carried out via Google forms and the interview was via the ZOOM platform. The interviews lasted 30 minutes. The analysis of the interviews was carried out using the ATLAS.ti version 22 program. Results: the beginning of the children's illness was received by parents with much confusion and lack of knowledge. Regarding the support networks, the parents declared loneliness in the experience of caring for the children and, in relation to the health teams, they reported that it is focused on the basic care that they had to fulfill, such as food and hygiene, glycemic control, with absence of concern for emotional support. Conclusions: the support needs from health teams to parent caregivers, beyond disease control, is an explicit need from the evidence, which has not yet been considered by Health Systems. Support must go beyond the family, with important action by health professionals and the entire context in which children are inserted, to contribute to adequate management of the disease.
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Fundamento la COVID-19 tuvo repercusión en el estado biopsicosocial de la población. Entre las actitudes y comportamientos, la discriminación se manifestó como una de las respuestas a diferentes niveles de interrelación personal y social. Objetivo describir la discriminación percibida por pacientes en seguimiento por COVID-19. Métodos estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el periodo septiembre de 2021 a febrero de 2022, con todos los pacientes con seguimiento por COVID-19 (N=89) residentes en el barrio de Tajamar Regalado (Tulcán, Ecuador). Mediante la encuesta se obtuvo información sobre las variables: tipo de institución donde recibió seguimiento médico, percepción de discriminación, apoyo social y apoyo comunitario. Resultados el 60,67 % de los pacientes refirió que casi siempre lamentaba haberse contagiado de COVID-19; el 59,55 %, que siempre sintió ser discriminado por haber padecido la enfermedad; el 40,45 %, que casi siempre consideró importante utilizar medidas de protección para evitar más contagios en su comunidad; el 48,31 % planteó que casi siempre recibió consejería por el personal de salud; y el 59,55 % consideró que su salud mental se vio afectada. Casi la mitad de los pacientes expresó haber recibido un apoyo social muy malo, y el 51,68 % un apoyo social malo parte de las autoridades en particular. Conclusiones durante la pandemia de COVID-19 existió un rechazo social a los pacientes contagiados, el cual provocó afectaciones en la salud mental de estos. Se evidenció una falta de apoyo por parte de la comunidad y las autoridades; y una escasa consejería por el personal de salud.
Foundation COVID-19 had an impact on the population' biopsychosocial state. Among attitudes and behaviors, discrimination manifested itself as one of the responses to different levels of personal and social interrelation. Objective to describe the discrimination perceived by patients being monitored for COVID-19. Methods descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out from September 2021 to February 2022, in all patients monitored for COVID-19 (N=89) who live in Tajamar Regalado neighborhood (Tulcán, Ecuador). Through the survey, information was obtained on the variables: type of institution where they received medical follow-up, perception of discrimination, social support and community support. Results 60.67% of patients reported that they almost always regretted having been infected with COVID-19; 59.55%, who always felt they were discriminated against for having suffered from the disease; 40.45%, who almost always considered it important to use protective measures to avoid further infections in their community; 48.31% stated that they almost always received counseling from health personnel; and 59.55% considered that their mental health was affected. Almost half of the patients expressed having received very bad social support, and 51.68% received bad social support from the authorities in particular. Conclusions during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was social rejection of infected patients, which caused effects on their mental health. A lack of support from the community and authorities was evident; and little counseling by health personnel.
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O suporte do supervisor à família conceitua-se como comportamentos dos supervisores voltados a apoiar os papéis familiares dos funcionários. O presente estudo objetivou obter evidências de validade da Medida de Comportamento Suporte do Supervisor à Família, nas versões abrangente e reduzida, em amostras brasileiras. Participaram desta pesquisa 503 trabalhadores, de ambos os sexos. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que a versão abrangente ficou composta por 14 itens, divididos em quatro fatores de primeira ordem (emocional, instrumental, modelo de papéis e gestão criativa) e um fator de segunda ordem. A versão reduzida unifatorial compôs-se por quatro itens. Ambas as versões apresentaram bons índices de consistência interna. Os instrumentos correlacionaram-se positivamente com o enriquecimento trabalho-família, suporte do supervisor e satisfação no trabalho, e negativamente com o conflito trabalho-família e intenção de rotatividade. Concluiu-se que os instrumentos apresentaram propriedades psicométricas que recomendam seu uso em investigações futuras.(AU)
The concept of a family-supportive supervisor refers to supervisors' behaviors aimed at supporting employees' family roles. This study aimed to obtain evidence of validity of the Measure of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors, both in its comprehensive and abbreviated versions, using Brazilian samples. A total of 503 workers of both sexes participated in this research. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the comprehensive version consisted of 14 items, grouped into four first-order factors (emotional, instrumental, role model and creative management), all contributing to a second-order factor. The unifactorial reduced version consisted of four items. Both versions showed good internal consistency indices. The instruments exhibited positive correlations with work-family enrichment, supervisor support, and job satisfaction while demonstrating negative correlations with work-family conflict and turnover intention. It was concluded that the instruments presented psychometric properties that recommend their use in future research.(AU)
El apoyo del supervisor a la familia se define a las acciones de los supervisores dirigidos para respaldar los roles familiares de los empleados. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener evidencias de validez de la Medida del Comportamiento de Apoyo del Supervisor a la Familia, en las versiones extensa y breve, en muestras brasileñas. En esta investigación participaron 503 trabajadores de ambos sexos. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios revelaron que la versión extensa quedó compuesta por 14 ítems, divididos en cuatro factores de primer orden (emocional, instrumental, modelo a seguir y gestión creativa) y un factor de segundo orden. La versión breve unifactorial constaba de cuatro ítems. Ambas versiones mostraron buenos índices de consistencia interna. Los instrumentos se correlacionaron positivamente con el enriquecimiento trabajo-familia, el apoyo del supervisor y la satisfacción laboral, y negativamente con el conflicto trabajo-familia y la intención de rotación. Se concluye que los instrumentos presentan propiedades psicométricas que respaldan su uso en futuras investigaciones.(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Personnel Management , Social Support , Family/psychology , Work-Life Balance , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Conflict, Psychological , Self Report , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La población sobre 60 años va en aumento y es relevante tener más conocimiento sobre los factores que inciden en su bienestar y salud mental. Objetivo: Este estudio busca comprender la relación entre bienestar, apoyo social y sintomatología depresiva en personas mayores de la provincia de Concepción. Método: 538 adultos mayores fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente de 15 Centros de Salud Primaria de la provincia de Concepción, Chile. Se midieron sus niveles de bienestar (con el Pemberton Happiness Index), de apoyo Social (con la Escala Multidimensional de Percepción de Apoyo Social de Zimet) y de sintomatología depresiva (mediante el Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Resultados: Los adultos mayores mostraron un puntaje elevado (M=8,54; DE = 1,34) en bienestar, sin diferencias por sexo (t(536) = −1,065, p = 0,288 > 0,05). En los análisis de regresión lineal, el apoyo social (β =0,463, p<0,001) y la sintomatología depresiva (β =-1,585, p<0,001) aparecen como influyentes en el bienestar de las personas mayores; y el apoyo social actúa como un factor moderador (β=0,049, p=0,007, IC =0,021; 0,077) en la relación entre sintomatología depresiva y bienestar. Conclusiones: Las personas mayores muestran elevado bienestar. Los resultados refuerzan la relevancia del apoyo social como un factor protector en las personas mayores. Ello corrobora la importancia del fomento de este aspecto en los programas promocionales y preventivos destinados al bienestar y salud mental de adultos mayores.
Background: The population over 60 years of age is increasing. Aim: This research aims to understand the relationship between well-being, social support, and depressive symptoms in older Chilean people. Method: 538 older adults were randomly selected from 15 Primary Health Centers in the province of Concepción, Chile, 341 women and 197 men. Well-being was measured with the Pemberton Happiness Index, Social Support with the Zimet Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Depressive Symptomatology using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Older adults showed a high mean score (M=8.54; SD=1.34) in well-being, with no differences by sex (t(536) = −1.065, p = .288 > .05.) In linear regression analyses, social support (β =0,463, p<0,001) and depressive symptomatology (β =-1,585, p<0,001) influence the well-being of the elderly, and social support acts as a moderating factor (β=0.049, p=0.007, CI =0.021; 0.077) in the relationship between social support and well-being. Conclusions: Older people show high well-being. The results reinforce the relevance of social support as a protective factor for the positive mental health of older adults. This corroborates the importance of including this aspect in promotional and preventive mental health programs for older adults.
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Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue observar los estilos de resiliencia entre estudiantes de pregrado y explorar la forma en la que cada uno de ellos se encontraba asociado al engagement académico y a las redes de apoyo social al inicio de los estudios universitarios. La muestra correspondió a 371 estudiantes de pregrado del Caribe Colombiano evaluados a partir de un análisis estadístico de clústeres, por el método jerárquico aglomerativo. Posteriormente se clasificaron en grupos de acuerdo con sus similitudes en las 12 dimensiones de resiliencia y finalmente se compararon en términos de engagement y redes personales. Los resultados señalaron cuatro perfiles de estudiantes: (1) sujetos con baja-resiliencia, alto engagement y fuertes vínculos relacionales; (2) resilientes-en-proceso, con niveles intermedios de resiliencia, bajo engagement y redes sociales con poca cercanía; (3) resilientes-autónomos con altos puntajes de resiliencia, niveles intermedios de engagementy redes sociales débiles; y (4) resilientes-con-redes, exhibieron altos niveles de resiliencia, con alto engagement y amplias redes de apoyo. Se concluye que la mayor porción de jóvenes que comienzan la universidad muestra perfiles de baja resiliencia; sin embargo, los altos niveles de motivación por los estudios y los recursos sociales como las redes de apoyo de los compañeros son las condiciones que más permiten afrontar los obstáculos de la vida universitaria. Es importante notar que solamente el último perfil integró los elementos de alta resiliencia, alto engagement y fuertes redes de apoyo que permiten confirmar la íntima asociación entre estos constructos. Los otros perfiles representan casos en los cuales los rasgos de resiliencia son independientes de los niveles de engagement y de la composición de las redes de apoyo personal.
Abstract Adjustment of first-year students to university environments, as well as their academic success, is not exclusively related to their academic aptitude; instead, this adjustment is associated with psychological characteristics, personal and even social resources that help students cope with stressors and new circumstances. A comprehensive assessment of the students' adjustment to university environment must transcend preoccupation on academic performance, and instead explore associations among psychological, academic, and social elements that promote adaptation during the initial years of higher education (Marenco-Escuderos et al., 2021). In this line of research, the objective of this work was to inquire how internal characteristics of students (psychological and academic) interplay with external elements in their support systems to promote adaptation in a higher education environment. Associations were explored among resilience, academic engagement, and social support as determining elements in the adjustment to the demands of the university context. The sample consisted of 371 undergraduate students (60 % female), of low socioeconomic status, enrolled in public universities in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Firstly, the resilience of university students was explored, as the ability to respond to obstacles with a positive view of the world, of others, and of one's own abilities to cope with stressors (Saavedra-Guajardo et al., 2019). Second, the level of engagement that drives young students to concentrate their energies on academic activities was reviewed; and third, the role of peers, and friends as the close-support system that facilitates the overcoming of personal and academic difficulties was investigated (Fernández-Martínez et al., 2017). Based on a statistical cluster analysis, by the agglomerative hierarchical method, individuals were classified according to their similarities in the expression of 12 dimensions of resilience (SV-RES scale), and subsequently compared in terms of engagement (UWES-S scale), and personal support networks (UNICET software). The results showed four student profiles: (1) the largest group consisting of students with low-resilience, high engagement and strong support networks; (2) a resilient group with low levels of engagement and support networks with little intimacy; (3) a resilient group with high characteristics of autonomy, intermediate levels of engagement, and support networks with weak structure; and (4) a very resilient group, high engagement, and wide and strong social support networks. The results point out the fact that the greatest proportion of students who start college show profiles of low resilience, however, high levels of motivation for studies and social resources such as peer support networks are the conditions that mostly allow for coping with adversity in the first years of college. These results could point to cultural aspects specific to the Caribbean region, where social networks are of great importance for daily functioning (Marenco-Escuderos et al., 2021). Regarding the association among the studied variables, it is important to note that only the last profile gathered all elements of high resilience, high engagement, and strong support networks that allow for confirming the association among these constructs. The other three profiles represent cases in which the resilience traits are independent of the students' levels of engagement and the composition of their personal support networks. This study is valuable as it provides a differentiating picture of the relationship of resilience with other psychological and social constructs, and in that it allows to better understand resilience in association with other elements that mediate its interpretation. Important gender differences among the profiles are additionally discussed.
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Infertile couples seeking treatment experience a social stigma that can lead to the need for privacy and, in turn, compromise their access to social support. This multiple case study, that involved the collection of sociodemographic and health data and interviews with four heterosexual couples accessed by convenience, aimed to examine the perception of the couples about the social support received after the disclosure of the condition of infertility and/or of the assisted reproductive technology treatment. The cases were analysed individually and comparatively. From the couples' statements, it is highlighted that all of them revealed something about infertility and/or treatment at some point in the process, although some considered not revealing it. Both support and lack of support were perceived from the revelations. The non-disclosure was motivated by self-preservation and by avoidance of social pressure. The findings indicate the importance of psychological intervention to expand the couples' social support.
Parejas infértiles que buscan tratamiento experimentan un estigma social que puede acarrear la necesidad de privacidad y, a su vez, comprometer el acceso al apoyo social. Ese estudio de múltiples casos, que involucró la recogida de datos sociodemográficos, de salud y entrevistas con cuatro parejas heterosexuales accedidas por conveniencia, buscó examinar la percepción de las parejas sobre el apoyo social después de la revelación de la condición de infertilidad y/o del tratamiento con técnicas de reproducción asistida. Los casos fueron analizados individual y comparativamente. De las declaraciones de las parejas, se destaca que todas revelaron algo sobre la infertilidad y/o el tratamiento en algún momento del proceso, aunque algunos consideraron no revelarlo. Se percibió tanto el apoyo como la falta de apoyo a partir de las revelaciones. La no revelación fue motivada por la autopreservación y por la evitación de presión social. Los hallazgos indican la importancia de la intervención psicológica para ampliar el apoyo social de las parejas.
Casais inférteis que buscam tratamento experimentam um estigma social que pode acarretar a necessidade de privacidade e, por sua vez, comprometer o acesso ao apoio social. Este estudo de casos múltiplos, que envolveu a coleta de dados sociodemográficos, de saúde e entrevistas com quatro casais heterossexuais acessados por conveniência, objetivou examinar a sua percepção sobre o apoio social recebido após a revelação da condição de infertilidade e/ou de tratamento com técnicas de reprodução assistida. Os casos foram analisados individualmente e comparativamente. A partir das falas, destaca-se que todos revelaram algo sobre a infertilidade e/ou o tratamento em algum momento do processo, ainda que alguns tenham considerado não revelar. Percebeu-se tanto apoio como falta de apoio diante das revelações. A não revelação foi motivada pela autopreservação e pela evitação de pressão social. Os achados indicam a importância da intervenção psicológica para ampliar o apoio social dos casais.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Social Support , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Infertility/psychology , Family , Mental Health , Social Stigma , Sociodemographic Factors , Interview, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Objective: To analyse the drop out intention of university students after six months of home confinement during the covid-19 pandemic using an ecological model. Method: A non-experimental cross-sectional study with an intentional sampling of 1,011 active university students during 2020. Aged between 18 and 54 years (M = 22,6; SD = 4,8; female = 438). We evaluated them with the university dropout questionnaire for students, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Fear of covid-19 Scales, covid-19 Anxiety syndrome scale, and the Satisfaction with academic changes questionnaire. We performed a descriptive and multivariate analysis of the data. Results: The model explain 28 % of drop out intention among university students during confinement by covid-19 (sensitivity = 86,8 %). Dissatisfaction with academic changes is the main predictor of the model (OR = 0,960; IC 95 % [0,950, 0,959). Other significant predictors are positive and negative interactions (i.e., in family, social, and academic environments), negative emotional symptoms, anxiety about covid-19, being older, studying at a private university, and having a family member diagnosed with covid-19. Discussions: Macrosystem changes (i.e., home confinement and online classes) during the first six months of the covid-19 pandemic modified the students' interaction with their proximal systems and new predictors of the intention to drop out emerged (e.g., anxiety about covid-19 and having a family member diagnosed with covid-19), associated with the context of confinement.
Objetivo: Analizar la intención deserción de los estudiantes universitarios tras seis meses de confinamiento en casa durante la pandemia por covid-19 a partir de un modelo ecológico. Método: Estudio transversal no experimental con un muestreo intencional de 1011 estudiantes universitarios activos durante 2020. Con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 54 años (M = 22,6; DE = 4,8; mujeres = 438). Los estudiantes respondieron el cuestionario de abandono universitario para estudiantes, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés, la Escala de Miedo de covid-19, la Escala de Síndrome de Ansiedad de covid-19 y el cuestionario de Satisfacción con los cambios académicos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y multivariante de los datos. Resultados: El modelo explica el 28 % de la varianza de la intención de deserción entre los estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento por covid-19 (sensibilidad = 86,8 %). La insatisfacción ante los cambios académicos es el principal predictor del modelo (OR = 0,960; IC 95 % [0,950, 0,959). Otros predictores significativos son las interacciones positivas y negativas (i.e., en el entorno familiar, social y académico), los síntomas emocionales negativos, la ansiedad ante la covid-19, ser mayor, estudiar en una universidad privada y tener un familiar diagnosticado con covid-19. Conclusiones: Los cambios en el macrosistema (i.e., el confinamiento en el hogar y las clases en línea) durante los primeros seis meses de la pandemia por covid-19 modificaron la interacción de los estudiantes con sus sistemas proximales y surgieron nuevos predictores de la intención de abandono (e.g., ansiedad ante la covid-19 y tener un familiar diagnosticado con covid-19), asociados al contexto de confinamiento.
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Introducción. En el contexto de la pandemia por la COVID-19 es escasa la información de factores asociados al cumplimiento del tratamiento antituberculoso en las zonas de alta prevalencia de tuberculosis. Objetivo. Evaluar si existe asociación entre el apoyo social, la preocupación por el contagio de COVID-19 y el conocimiento de la tuberculosis, frente al incumplimiento del tratamiento antituberculoso. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio transversal de pacientes en tratamiento antituberculoso durante los meses de enero a marzo del 2022 en centros ubicados en áreas de alta prevalencia de tuberculosis en Lima. Se utilizó el cuestionario de Morisky Green-Levine para evaluar el cumplimiento del tratamiento como variable dependiente; las variables independientes se evaluaron usando el Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey para determinar el apoyo social percibido y la preocupación por la infección de COVID-19, y el test de Batalla para evaluar el conocimiento del paciente sobre su enfermedad. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para determinar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados. De un total de 101 participantes (73,3 % hombres y edad media 35,1 ± 16 años), el 51,5 % no observaron el tratamiento antituberculoso. El nivel de preocupación medio o alto de contagiarse y desarrollar COVID-19 se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de incumplimiento del tratamiento (razón de prevalencia: 1,68; intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 1,09-2,57) (ajustada por las variables de confusión consideradas). Conclusiones. El incumplimiento del tratamiento antituberculoso es una condición frecuente entre los pacientes de una zona de alta prevalencia de tuberculosis en Lima especialmente entre aquellos con mayor preocupación al contagio por el virus de SARS- CoV-2, causante de la COVID-19.
Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, information on factors associated with adherence to antituberculosis treatment in areas with high prevalence of tuberculosis is scarce. Objective. To evaluate whether there is an association between social support, concern about COVID-19 infection and knowledge about tuberculosis, and non-adherence to antituberculosis treatment. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients under antituberculosis treatment, from January to March, 2022, in centers located in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis in Lima. We used the Morisky Green-Levine questionnaire to assess adherence to treatment as the dependent variable; the independent variables were evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey for perceived social support and concern about COVID-19 infection, and the Battle Test to assess patients' knowledge about their disease. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to evaluate the association between the independent variables and the dependent one. Results. Out of 101 participants (73.3% male with an average age of 35.1 ±16 years), 51.5% were non-adherent to antituberculosis treatment. Medium or high level of concern about getting COVID-19 was associated with a higher prevalence of non-adherence to treatment (odds ratio: 1.68; 95 % confidence interval: 1.09-2.57) (adjusted for considered confounding variables). Conclusions. Non-adherence is a frequent condition among patients living in an area with a high prevalence of tuberculosis in Lima, especially among those with a higher concern for COVID-19 infection.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Social Support , Patient Compliance , COVID-19ABSTRACT
El apoyo social ha sido definido como "un intercambio de recursos entre al menos dos personas, percibidas por el proveedor o el receptor con el objetivo de mejorar el bienestar del receptor". Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 542 individuos universitarios, mayores de 18 años, seleccionados a conveniencia. Se evaluaron características sociodemográficas, y se aplicó el cuestionario Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey. Para evaluar la estructura jerárquica se utilizó la técnica "análisis factorial exploratorio por medio del método de componentes principales", con rotación varimax, según el grado de correlación existente entre ellos. Por intermedio de la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett se determinó el determinante de la matriz de correlaciones y la prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (válido con valores por encima de 0.5). Para estimar "confiabilidad" se usó el coeficiente omega, posterior a la consolidación de los factores. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 510 individuos, de los cuales 263 fueron mujeres (51,6 %); la edad promedio fue 24,8, con una desviación estándar de 2,6. Se estimaron 3 factores para el análisis factorial exploratorio que explicaban el 63.559 % de la varianza. Las cargas factoriales de los ítems que componen el instrumento oscilaron entre 0,442 a 0,784. La consistencia interna por factor presentó puntajes de coeficiente, omega que fluctuaban entre 0,850 y 0,940 y un omega general de 0,920. Conclusión: La validez de constructo y la confiabilidad del cuestionario en estudiantes universitarios muestran valores aceptables; no obstante, esos resultados deben ser usados con cautela, pues es necesario desarrollar otros estudios que corroboren los resultados de nuestro estudio.
Social support is defined as "an exchange of resources between at least two people, from the provider's or the recipient's perspective aiming to improve the recipient's well-being condition». Methodology: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study which included 542 university students over 18 years of age, sampled at convenience; sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated, and we applied the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey questionnaire. To evaluate the hierarchical structure, the technique "exploratory factor analysis by means of the principal components method" was used, whit varimax rotation, according to the degree of correlation between them. The correlation matrix's determinant and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (valid with values above 0.5) were established through Bartlett's sphericity test. To estimate reliability, Omega coefficient was used after factors' consolidation. Results: Information was obtained from 510 individuals, of which 263 were female (51.6 %); the average age was 24.8 with a standard deviation of S.D 2.6. Three factors were estimated for the exploratory factor analysis, explaining 63.559 % of the variance. The internal consistency by factor presented omega coefficient values ranged from 0.850 to 0.940 and an overall general omega of 0.920. Conclusion: Construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire in university students show acceptable values; However, these results should be used with caution, as further analyses should be developed corroborate our study's results.
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Resumen En tiempos recientes, la literatura en psicología sobre orientación sexual ha pasado de centrarse en aspectos negativos experimentados por personas no heterosexuales a examinar factores que potencien el bienestar de estas. Estos estudios se han enfocado mayoritariamente en lesbianas y hombres gay (orientación hacia un único género o monosexual), mientras la inclusión de otras orientaciones, como bisexual y pansexual (orientaciones hacia más de un género o plurisexual) es un interés emergente. En Latinoamérica, un tema poco explorado en este sentido es la satisfacción vital y las variables asociadas, como el apoyo social y el revelar la orientación sexual, y cómo estas pueden variar entre personas de distintas orientaciones no heterosexuales. Por ello, el objetivo general de este estudio fue comparar el grado de revelación de la orientación sexual, el apoyo social percibido, la conexión con la comunidad LGBTIQ+ (sigla que incluye a lesbianas, gay, bisexual, transgénero, transexual, travesti, intersexual y queer) y la satisfacción vital entre estudiantes universitarios lesbianas y gays (LG), y bisexuales y pansexuales (BP). La muestra fue tomada entre 82 estudiantes universitarios LGBP, quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea que incluía datos sociodemográficos y escalas destinadas a evaluar las variables en estudio. Los resultados mostraron que estudiantes universitarios LG revelan más su orientación sexual que estudiantes BP. Igualmente, se destaca la asociación positiva entre el apoyo social percibido y satisfacción vital, y entre la conexión con la comunidad LGBTIQ+ y la revelación de la orientación sexual. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento sobre variables asociadas a la satisfacción vital según la orientación sexual, diferenciando entre estudiantes universitarios lesbianas y gays y estudiantes bisexuales y pansexuales.
Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing shift in research on sexual orientation. This focus has moved from centering on negative experiences, related to psychopathology and stigmatization, to examining subjective well-being factors in individuals belonging to these populations. In Latin American countries such as Chile, a scarcely explored link in this regard is satisfaction with life -the cognitive component of subjective well-being- and associated variables. The minority stress model indicates that individuals who belong to minority groups are exposed to additional stressors to which the general population is not exposed. These specific stressors are related to the marginalization, prejudice and exclusion suffered by the minority group of belonging. Researchers have shown that these stressors and their consequences may result in lower life satisfaction in non-heterosexual people compared to their heterosexual peers. Furthermore, different non-heterosexual orientations face specific forms of prejudice and, therefore, could experience a different impact on their life satisfaction. In this paper, the distinction is made between individuals with a monosexual orientation (towards one gender) and those with a plurisexual orientation, (towards more than one gender or independently of gender); namely, lesbians and gay men (LG) on the one hand, and bisexuals and pansexuals (BP) on the other. Research indicates that BP people experience lower levels of well-being than LG individuals. Compared to the latter, BP individuals tend to disclose their sexual orientation to a lesser extent, perceive less social support, and experience greater exclusion from community spaces destined to the general community of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and other queer identities (LGBTIQ+). Moreover, these differences between non-heterosexual orientations in terms of life satisfaction have been little explored in Latin American university students. To fill this gap in the literature, the general objective of this study was to compare the levels of disclosure of sexual orientation, perceived social support, connectedness with the LGBTIQ+ community, and life satisfaction among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and pansexual university students. Four hypotheses were proposed that addressed the comparisons between LG and BP participants for these variables. A non-probability sample of 82 LGBP university students was recruited to answer an online questionnaire. Of the sample, 32.9 % were lesbian or gay, and 67.1 % were bisexual or pansexual. Most participants were women (67.1 %), compared to 29.3 % men and 3.7 % of another gender. The questionnaire consisted of a section of sociodemographic data, a sexual orientation disclosure scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the LGBTIQ + Community Connectedness Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Analyses included comparisons of means between groups. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted for the Connectedness Scale to test its validity. Results showed that LG and BP students reported similar levels of perceived social support, community connectedness, and life satisfaction, while LG students tended to disclose their sexual orientation to more people than BP students. A positive association was also found between perceived social support and life satisfaction, and between connectedness and disclosure of sexual orientation. The CFA showed that the Connectedness Scale is valid for its use in university samples in Chile and other Latin American populations. Limitations regarding sample size and recommendations for future research are discussed. This study contributes to the knowledge about variables associated with life satisfaction in non-heterosexual university students, highlighting the differential needs for support of those with a monosexual orientation (lesbians and gays) and those with a plurisexual orientation (bisexual and pansexual).
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Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre el contexto social (factores demográficos, socioeconómicos y soporte social) y la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional moderada-grave de familias con niños de 0 a 59 meses matriculados en jardines infantiles municipales del estado de Paraíba, Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal desarrollado en municipios brasileños prioritarios para la prevención de la obesidad infantil. Se utilizó un cuestionario que recogió información sobre el contexto social de la familia (perfil demográfico del niño, situación socioeconómica y soporte social) y la escala brasileña de inseguridad alimentaria. La asociación entre las variables independientes y la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional moderada-grave se determinó a través de una regresión de Poisson para estimar razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas, y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados. De un total de 382 familias, el 27,2% presentaba inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional moderada-grave. Además, se encontró que aquellas familias con niños menores de 24 meses, de clases menos prósperas, beneficiadas del Programa Bolsa Família, sin apoyo social (material, emocional/informacional y de interacción) y disfuncionales tenían una mayor probabilidad de presentar el desenlace de estudio. Conclusiones. Los resultados del presente estudio indicaron que el 27,2% de las familias tenía inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional moderada-grave, siendo mayores en núcleos beneficiarios del Programa Bolsa Família, disfuncionales y sin apoyo social. En este sentido, la identificación de estos factores sería de utilidad para optimizar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional familiar.
Objective. To analyze the association between the social context (demographic, socioeconomic and social support factors) and moderate-severe food and nutritional insecurity in families with children aged 0-59 months enrolled in municipal kindergartens in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Brazilian municipalities prioritized for the prevention of childhood obesity. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the social context of the family (demographic profile of the child, socioeconomic situation and social support) as well as the Brazilian food insecurity scale. The association between the independent variables and moderate-severe food and nutrition insecurity was determined by applying Poisson regression to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results. We included 382 families; 27.2% had moderate-severe food and nutrition insecurity. In addition, dysfunctional families with children under 24 months, from less affluent classes, beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program and without social support (material, emotional/informational and interaction) were more likely to present the outcome. Conclusions. Our results show that 27.2% of the families had moderate-severe food and nutritional insecurity, were beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program, dysfunctional and did not have social support. Therefore, the identification of these factors would be useful to improve family food and nutritional security.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Social EnvironmentABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever a atuação do Coletivo de Mulheres do Calafate para o enfrentamento da Violência Contra a Mulher. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, realizado em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, entre setembro e novembro de 2020. Compôs a pesquisa os relatos de nove mulheres que possuem ou possuíram vínculo institucional com o referido coletivo, sendo fundamentado na História Oral Temática, utilizando-se o meio digital para assinatura do TCLE e entrevista. Resultados: a atuação do Coletivo para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher inclui estratégias no âmbito da comunidade, emergindo assim as categorias: espaço para escuta às mulheres; espaço para compartilhar vivências de mulheres; espaço para articulação com os serviços de referência; e espaço para encaminhamento e/ou acompanhamento de mulheres nos serviços. Considerações Finais: o Coletivo promoveu ações de enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher, sinalizando a importância de organizações sociais feministas enquanto cenário de referência na comunidade.
Objetivo: describir el trabajo del Colectivo de Mujeres de Calafate en el afrontamiento a la violencia contra las mujeres. Método: Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo realizado en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, entre septiembre y noviembre de 2020. La investigación se basó en los relatos de nueve mujeres que tienen o han tenido vínculos institucionales con el mencionado colectivo, a partir de la Historia Oral Temática, utilizando medios digitales para firmar el ICF y la entrevista. Resultados: el trabajo del Colectivo para afrontar la violencia contra las mujeres incluye estrategias dentro de la comunidad, y surgieron las siguientes categorías: espacio para escuchar a las mujeres; espacio para compartir las experiencias de las mujeres; espacio de enlace con los servicios de derivación; y espacio para derivar y/o acompañar a las mujeres a los servicios. Consideraciones finales: el Colectivo promovió acciones para afrontar la violencia contra las mujeres, lo que señala la importancia de las organizaciones sociales feministas como escenario de referencia en la comunidad.
Objective: to describe the work of the Calafate Women's Collective to confront violence against women. Method: a qualitative, descriptive study carried out in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, between September and November 2020. The research included the reports of nine women who have or have had an institutional link with the aforementioned collective, based on Thematic Oral History, using the digital media for signing the informed consent form and interviews. Results: The Collective's work to confront violence against women includes strategies within the community, thus emerging the categories: space for listening to women; space for sharing women's experiences; space for liaison with referral services; and space for referral and/or accompaniment of women to services. Final considerations: the Collective promoted actions to confront violence against women, signaling the importance of feminist social organizations as a reference point in the community.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Social Support , Organizations , Gender Role , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Objetivos: identificar as percepções sobre o bem-estar, apoio social, intensidade dos sintomas e o seu impacto nas atividades diárias de pacientes com cânceres cerebrais e correlacionar os achados com os níveis de adesão aos quimioterápicos antineoplásicos orais. Método: estudo correlacional e transversal, realizado num ambulatório hospitalar universitário de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 2019 e 2020. Utilizou-se instrumento para caracterização da amostra e escalas específicas. Resultados: 26 participantes, mediana de 36,5 anos, 61,5% sexo masculino, 53,9% diagnosticados com glioblastoma; 73,1% apresentaram adesão, rede de apoio social e índice alto de bem-estar. O escore médio de intensidade dos sintomas foi de baixo para médio, com pior pontuação para preocupação no pior estado. A maior adesão relacionou-se ao apoio afetivo, apoio informação, interação social e apoio emocional. Conclusão: a maioria declarou níveis positivos de bem-estar, suporte social e poucos sintomas. A percepção de apoio social e bem-estar influenciaram positivamente na adesão medicamentosa.
Objetivos: identificar las percepciones sobre el bienestar, apoyo social, intensidad de los síntomas y su impacto en las actividades diarias de pacientes con cánceres cerebrales y correlacionar los resultados con los niveles de adhesión a los quimioterápicos antineoplásicos orales. Método: estudio correlacional y transversal, realizado en un ambulatorio hospitalario universitario de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 2019 y 2020. Se utilizó un instrumento para la caracterización de la muestra y escalas específicas. Resultados: 26 participantes, mediana de 36,5 años, 61,5% sexo masculino, 53,9% diagnosticados con glioblastoma; 73,1% presentaron adhesión, red de apoyo social y índice alto de bienestar. El puntaje promedio de intensidad de los síntomas fue de bajo a medio, con peor puntuación para preocupación en el peor estado. La mayor adhesión se relacionó al apoyo afectivo, apoyo información, interacción social y apoyo emocional. Conclusión: la mayoría declaró niveles positivos de bienestar, apoyo social y pocos síntomas. La percepción de apoyo social y bienestar influyó positivamente en la adhesión medicamentosa.
Objectives: to identify perceptions about well-being, social support, intensity of symptoms and their impact on the daily activities of patients with brain cancers and correlate the findings with levels of adherence to oral antineoplastic chemotherapy. Method: correlational and cross-sectional study, conducted in a university hospital outpatient clinic in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2019 and 2020. An instrument was used to characterize the sample, in addition to specific scales. Results: 26 participants, median 36.5 years, 61.5% male, 53.9% diagnosed with glioblastoma; 73.1% showed adherence, social support network and high well-being index. The mean symptom intensity score was low to medium, with a worse score for worry in the worst state. Greater adherence was related to affective support, information support, social interaction and emotional support. Conclusion: most reported positive levels of well-being, social support and few symptoms. The perception of social support and well-being positively influenced drug adherence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Quality of Life , Social Support , Correlation of Data , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glioblastoma/psychologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the social support as perceived by elderly persons in a context of social vulnerability according to family functionality. Method: A cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach, carried out in São Carlos-SP, with 123 elderly people living in a context of high social vulnerability. The sample was divided into two groups: good family functionality and moderate/severe family dysfunction. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, family functionality (Family APGAR) and social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale). The Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between social support and family functionality (p < 0.05). The group with good family functionality obtained higher median social support scores: affective 100.00; material 95.00; information 90.00; emotional 90.00; positive social interaction 85.00; when compared to the group with moderate/severe family dysfunction: affective 86.67; material 87.50; information 70.00; emotional 65.00; positive social interaction 65.00. Conclusion: Elderly persons living in dysfunctional families have less perceived social support when compared to those living in families with good family functionality.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar el apoyo social percibido por personas mayores en un contexto de vulnerabilidad social según la funcionalidad familiar. Método: Estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en São Carlos-SP, con 123 personas mayores residentes en contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social. La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos: buena funcionalidad familiar y disfunción familiar moderada/severa. Se recogieron datos sobre características sociodemográficas, funcionalidad familiar (APGAR Familiar) y apoyo social (Escala de Apoyo Social del Medical Outcomes Study). Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el apoyo social y la funcionalidad familiar (p<0,05). El grupo con buena funcionalidad familiar obtuvo puntuaciones medias de apoyo social más altas: afectivo 100,00; material 95,00; información 90,00; emocional 90,00; interacción social positiva 85,00; en comparación con el grupo con disfunción familiar moderada/grave: afectivo 86,67; material 87,50; información 70,00; emocional 65,00; interacción social positiva 65,00. Conclusión: Las personas mayores que viven en familias disfuncionales tienen menos apoyo social percibido, en comparación con los que viven en familias con buena funcionalidad familiar.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o apoio social percebido por pessoas idosas em contexto de vulnerabilidade social segundo a funcionalidade familiar. Método: Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em São Carlos-SP, com 123 idosos inseridos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: boa funcionalidade familiar e disfunção familiar moderada/severa. Foram coletados dados de caracterização sociodemográfica, funcionalidade familiar (APGAR de Família) e apoio social (Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study). Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre apoio social e funcionalidade familiar (p < 0,05). O grupo com boa funcionalidade familiar obteve maiores escores medianos de apoio social: afetivo 100,00; material 95,00; informação 90,00; emocional 90,00; interação social positiva 85,00; quando comparado ao grupo com disfunção familiar moderada/severa: afetivo 86,67; material 87,50; informação 70,00; emocional 65,00; interação social positiva 65,00. Conclusão: Pessoas idosas que vivem em famílias disfuncionais têm menos apoio social percebido quando comparadas àquelas que vivem em famílias com boa funcionalidade familiar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Social Support , Aged , Social Vulnerability , Family , Family RelationsABSTRACT
Resumo: Este estudo objetiva identificar o tipo de apoio recebido por cuidadoras familiares de pessoas idosas na pandemia de COVID-19, assim como os fatores socioeconômicos de saúde e relativos ao cuidado associados. Utilizou-se dados do estudo CUIDA-COVID, questionário online realizado entre agosto e novembro de 2020 (n = 4.820). Foram construídos três modelos múltiplos, tendo como desfecho: apoio contratado, apoio familiar e ausência de apoio. As variáveis independentes relacionadas a aspectos socioeconômicos, de saúde e cuidado foram convertidas em categorias dicotômicas. O apoio familiar foi o mais comum (48,6%), seguido pelo ausência de apoio (38,3%) e apoio contratado (13,1%). Não foram observadas associações significativas entre raça/cor, situação de pobreza, problema crônico de coluna e estado de ânimo negativo com nenhum dos tipos de apoio. Foram fatores fortemente associados (RPajustada > 2,0) ao apoio contratado: a não diminuição acentuada da renda na pandemia; a não dedicação ao cuidado em tempo integral; a autoavaliação da saúde boa/excelente; e o alto grau de dependência da pessoa idosa. Para o apoio familiar, as principais associações foram: o não aumento acentuado do esforço dedicado ao cuidado na pandemia; a não dedicação ao cuidado em tempo integral; e a diminuição acentuada da renda na pandemia. Foram as características associadas ao ausência de apoio: viver com o idoso; dedicar-se ao cuidado em tempo integral; residir em domicílios com uma ou duas pessoas; e relatar um aumento acentuado do esforço dedicado ao cuidado na pandemia. No geral, as cuidadoras com apoio contratado tiveram as melhores condições socioeconômicas, de cuidado e saúde. A desassistência foi relacionada a piores condições de saúde e cuidado, enquanto o apoio familiar às piores condições socioeconômicas.
Abstract: This study aims to identify the type of support received by family caregivers of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the associated socioeconomic health and care-related factors. Data from CUIDA-COVID study, an online questionnaire conducted from august to november 2020 (n = 4,820) were used. Three multiple models were built, with the following outcome: contracted support, family support, and lack of support. Independent variables related to socioeconomic, health, and care aspects were converted into dichotomous categories. Family support was the most common (48.6%), followed by lack of support (38.3%), and contracted support (13.1%). No significant associations were observed between race/skin color, poverty status, chronic back pain and negative mood with any type of support. Factors strongly associated (adjustedPR > 2.0) with contracted support were: the non-sharp decrease in income during the pandemic; non-dedication to full-time care; self-rated good/excellent health; and the high degree of dependence of the older individual. For family support, the main associations were: the non-marked increase in the effort to care during the pandemic, the non-dedication to full-time care and the sharp decrease in income during the pandemic. The characteristics associated with lack of support were: living with the older person; dedication to full-time care; living in households with 1 or 2 people; and report a sharp increase in effort to care during the pandemic. Overall, caregivers with contracted support had the best socioeconomic, care and health conditions. Lack of support was related to worse health and care conditions, while family support was related to worse socioeconomic conditions.
Resumen: Este estudio tiene por objetivo identificar el tipo de apoyo recibido por las cuidadoras familiares de personas mayores en la pandemia de la COVID-19 y sus factores socioeconómicos de salud y atención asociados. Se utilizaron los datos del estudio CUIDA-COVID, un cuestionario en línea aplicado entre agosto y noviembre de 2020 (n = 4.820). Se construyeron tres modelos múltiples, teniendo en cuenta el resultado: apoyo contratado, apoyo familiar y falta de apoyo. Las variables independientes relacionadas con los aspectos socioeconómicos, de salud y de atención se convirtieron en categorías dicotómicas. El apoyo familia fue el más frecuente (48,6%), seguido de la falta de apoyo (38,3%) y el apoyo contratado (13,1%). No se observaron asociaciones significativas entre raza/color, pobreza, problemas crónicos de espalda y estado de ánimo negativo con ninguno de los tipos de apoyo. Los siguientes factores se asociaron fuertemente (RPajustado > 2,0) con el apoyo contratado: la falta de descenso brusco de los ingresos en la pandemia, la falta de dedicación a la atención a tiempo completo, la autoevaluación de la salud como buena/excelente, y el alto grado de dependencia de las personas mayores. Las principales asociaciones en el apoyo familia fueron las siguientes: ascenso no brusco del esfuerzo dedicado a la atención en la pandemia, la no dedicación a una atención a tiempo completo y la fuerte caída de los ingresos en la pandemia. Las características asociadas a la falta de apoyo fueron las siguientes: vivir con la persona mayor, dedicarse a una atención a tiempo completo, vivir con 1 o 2 personas en el hogar, y reportar un marcado incremento en el esfuerzo dedicado a la atención en la pandemia. En general, las cuidadoras con apoyo contratado tenían las mejores condiciones socioeconómicas, de atención y de salud. La falta de atención se relacionó con peores condiciones de salud y atención, mientras que el apoyo familia se relacionó con peores condiciones socioeconómicas.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: Social support from family and friends is recognized as an important social determinant of health, given its protective effects on individuals' physical and mental well-being. While most studies have focused on older adults, investigating midlife health is equally crucial since middle-aged individuals are also susceptible to the harmful health outcomes of inadequate social support from friends and family. This study contributes to the debate by examining whether social support is associated with self-rated health among middle-aged Brazilian adults and how this relationship varies between men and women. Using data from the nationwide Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2019, logistic regression models were employed to assess differences in self-rated health, accounting for confounding factors. The sample comprised 31,926 middle-aged adults, of which 52.5% were women. The overall prevalence of poor self-rated health was 40.7%, with a significant difference between men and women. Results from this study suggest that having no friends or family members to rely on, both during good and challenging times, was associated with poorer self-rated health. However, the strength of this association differs by gender, with social support from friends playing a more critical role in women's self-rated health. On the other hand, family support was associated with male self-rated health, particularly for men with three or more family members they can rely on. Future studies should consider cultural and contextual factors to better understand other dimensions of social support and its association with midlife health.
Resumo: O suporte social de familiares e amigos é reconhecido como um importante determinante social da saúde com base em seus efeitos protetores sobre o bem-estar físico e mental dos indivíduos. Embora a maioria das pesquisas tenha se concentrado em adultos mais velhos, investigar a saúde na meia-idade é igualmente crucial, já que estes indivíduos também são suscetíveis aos resultados prejudiciais à saúde decorrentes do suporte social inadequado de amigos e familiares. Este estudo contribui para o debate ao examinar se o suporte social está associado à autoavaliação da saúde entre adultos brasileiros de meia-idade e como essa relação varia entre homens e mulheres. Usando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada em 2019, modelos de regressão logística foram empregados para avaliar diferenças na autoavaliação da saúde, contabilizando fatores de confusão. A amostra foi composta por 31.926 adultos de meia-idade, dos quais 52,5% eram mulheres. A prevalência geral de autoavaliação de saúde ruim foi de 40,7%, com diferença significativa entre homens e mulheres. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que não ter amigos ou familiares com quem contar em momentos bons ou desafiadores esteve associado à pior autopercepção de saúde. No entanto, a força dessa associação difere de acordo com o gênero, sendo que o suporte social de amigos desempenha um papel mais importante na autoavaliação da saúde das mulheres do que na dos homens. Por outro lado, o apoio familiar esteve associado à autoavaliação da saúde masculina, particularmente para homens com três ou mais membros da família com quem podem contar. Estudos futuros devem considerar fatores culturais e contextuais para compreender melhor outras dimensões do suporte social e sua associação com a saúde na meia-idade.
Resumen: El apoyo social de la familia y de amigos se reconoce como un importante determinante social de salud basado en sus efectos protectores sobre el bienestar físico y mental de los individuos. Aunque la mayoría de las investigaciones se ha centrado en adultos mayores, investigar la salud en la mediana edad también es esencial, una vez que estos individuos también son susceptibles a los resultados perjudiciales para la salud resultantes de un apoyo social inadecuado de amigos e de la familia. Este estudio contribuye al debate al investigar si el apoyo social está asociado con la autoevaluación de salud entre adultos brasileños de mediana edad y cómo esa relación varía entre hombre y mujeres. Usando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud realizada en 2019, se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para evaluar diferencias en la autoevaluación de salud, contabilizando factores de confusión. La muestra se compuso de 31.926 adultos de mediana edad, de los cuales el 52,5% eran mujeres. La prevalencia general de autoevaluación de mala salud fue del 40,7%, con diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que no tener amigos o familiares en los que confiar en buenos o malos momentos se asoció con la peor autopercepción de salud. Sin embargo, la fuerza de esa asociación es diferente según el género, ya que el apoyo social de amigos es más importante en la autoevaluación de salud de las mujeres que en la autoevaluación de los hombres. Por otro lado, el apoyo familiar se asoció con la autoevaluación de la salud masculina, particularmente para hombres que tenían tres o más personas de la familia en los que confiar. Estudios futuros deben tener en cuenta factores culturales y contextuales para mejor comprender otras dimensiones del apoyo social y su asociación con la salud en la mediana edad.
ABSTRACT
A recuperação de vítimas de queimaduras é longa e dolorosa e afeta diversas esferas da vida do paciente. A resiliência, que se refere à capacidade humana de enfrentar e se adaptar a eventos adversos, exerce grande importância no processo de recuperação da queimadura. Logo, este trabalho objetiva avaliar a capacidade de resiliência de pacientes queimados, no momento da admissão e da alta hospitalar, em um hospital de emergência e urgência de Goiânia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal que utiliza a Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) como instrumento de mensuração. Na admissão hospitalar, a média da resiliência foi de 71,35, tendo sido observada uma relação significativa entre o fator Amparo da escala CD-RISC e a presença do(a) companheiro(a). O escore de resiliência encontrado nesta pesquisa é consistente com outros achados da literatura científica internacional e nacional referente à expressão da resiliência em vítimas de queimaduras e outros adoecimentos. A relação entre o fator Amparo e a presença de um(a) companheiro(a) enfatiza a importância da rede de apoio familiar na reabilitação do paciente queimado.(AU)
The recovery of burned patients is long and painful and impacts on different areas of people's lives. Resilience, which refers to the human capacity to face and adapt to adverse events, plays a major role in the process of recovery from burns. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the resilience of burned patients, on admission and hospital discharge, in an emergency and urgency hospital in Goiânia. This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study that uses the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC) as a measuring instrument. At hospital admission, the mean resilience was 71.35, with a significant association between the Support factor on the CD RISC scale and the presence of a partner. The resilience score found in the present study is consistent with other findings in the international and national scientific literature regarding the expression of resilience in victims of burns and other illnesses. The relationship between the Support factor and the presence of a partner emphasizes the importance of the family support network in the rehabilitation of the burned patient.(AU)
La recuperación de los pacientes quemados es larga y dolorosa e impacta en diferentes esferas de la vida de las personas. La resiliencia, que se refiere a la capacidad humana para enfrentar y adaptarse a eventos adversos, juega un papel importante en el proceso de recuperación de las quemaduras. Por tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la resiliencia de los pacientes quemados, en el momento del ingreso y el alta, en un hospital de emergencia y urgencia en Goiânia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal que utiliza la Escala de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson (CD RISC) como instrumento de medida. Al ingreso hospitalario, la resiliencia media fue de 71,35, con associación significativa entre el factor Amparo de la escala CD RISC y la presencia de pareja. El puntaje de resiliencia encontrado en el presente estudio es consistente con otros hallazgos en la literatura científica nacional e internacional sobre la expresión de resiliencia en víctimas de quemaduras y otras enfermedades. La relación entre el factor Amparo y la presencia de pareja enfatiza la importancia de la red de apoyo familiar en la rehabilitación del paciente quemado.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Social Support , Burns , Resilience, Psychological , Anxiety Disorders , Pain , Preceptorship , Prejudice , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology , Recovery Room , Rehabilitation Centers , Safety , Self Concept , Skin , Social Perception , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Suicide , General Surgery , Surgery, Plastic , Tissues , Baths , Wounds and Injuries , Behavior , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Technical Cooperation , Unified Health System , Body Image , Traumatology , Burn Units , Burns, Chemical , Burns, Electric , Accidents, Home , Accidents, Occupational , Accidents, Traffic , Explosive Wastes , Inflammable Wastes , Mental Health , Morbidity , Cicatrix , Nursing , Panic Disorder , Employment, Supported , Statistics, Nonparametric , Human Body , Intuition , Wit and Humor , Hydrogels , Counseling , Critical Care , Disaster Vulnerability , Personal Autonomy , Death , Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute , Depression , Discrimination, Psychological , Education , Empathy , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Ethics , Breakthrough Pain , Activation, Metabolic , Physical Appearance, Body , Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders , Psychological Trauma , Accidental Injuries , Psychological Distress , Social Comparison , Functional Status , Self-Compassion , Accident Prevention , Health Services Accessibility , Helping Behavior , Homicide , Amputation, Traumatic , Hospitalization , Individuality , Intensive Care Units , Interpersonal Relations , Life Change Events , Mental Disorders , Negativism , Nursing Assistants , Nursing CareABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate evidence of content validity of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network". Method: A methodological study of the content validation type, carried out with 23 judges who evaluated the adequacy of the title, definition, class and domain of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network". The judges also assessed the relevance of 28 clinical indicators and 32 etiological factors, which were considered valid when the Content Validity Index was ≥ 0.9. Results: The judges agreed with the proposed title and suggested changes to the definition of the nursing diagnosis. They recommended its inclusion in Domain 7 - "Roles and relationships" and Class 3 - "Role performance" of the NANDA-I taxonomy. In addition, 19 clinical indicators and 27 etiological factors were considered relevant. Conclusion: The nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network" had its theoretical structure validated in terms of content, which can support the practice of nurses in the operationalization of the Nursing Process.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las evidencias de la validez de contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería "red de apoyo social inadecuada". Método: Estudio metodológico de tipo validación de contenido, realizado con 23 jueces que evaluaron la adecuación del título, definición, clase y dominio del diagnóstico de enfermería "red de apoyo social inadecuada". Los jueces también evaluaron la pertinencia de 28 indicadores clínicos y 32 factores etiológicos, que se consideraron válidos cuando el Índice de Validez de Contenido fue ≥ 0.9. Resultados: Los jueces estuvieron de acuerdo con el título propuesto y sugirieron cambios en la definición del diagnóstico de enfermería. Recomendaron su inclusión en el Dominio 7 - "Roles y relaciones" y en la Clase 3 - "Desempeño de roles" de la taxonomía NANDA-I. Además, se consideraron relevantes 19 indicadores clínicos y 27 factores etiológicos. Conclusión: El diagnóstico de enfermería "red de apoyo social inadecuada" tuvo su estructura teórica validada en términos de contenido, lo que puede apoyar la práctica del personal de enfermería en la operacionalización del Proceso de Enfermería.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar evidências de validade de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem "rede social de apoio inadequada". Método: Estudo metodológico do tipo validação de conteúdo, realizado com 23 juízes que avaliaram a adequação do título, da definição, da classe e do domínio do diagnóstico de enfermagem "rede social de apoio inadequada". Os juízes também avaliaram a relevância de 28 indicadores clínicos e de 32 fatores etiológicos, os quais foram considerados válidos quando o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi ≥ 0,9. Resultados: Os juízes concordaram com o título proposto e sugeriram alterações na definição do diagnóstico de enfermagem. Recomendaram a sua inserção no Domínio 7 - "Papéis e relacionamentos" e na Classe 3 - "Desempenho de papéis" da taxonomia da NANDA-I. Ademais, 19 indicadores clínicos e 27 fatores etiológicos foram considerados relevantes. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de enfermagem "rede social de apoio inadequada" teve sua estrutura teórica validada quanto ao conteúdo, a qual pode subsidiar a prática do enfermeiro na operacionalização do Processo de Enfermagem.